IPM Calendar for Deciduous Tree Production



2004

Compiled by Amy Fulcher, Extension Associate - Nursery Crops U. K. Department of Horticulture Layout and Graphic Design by Sandie Waddell, Staff Support Associate Editing by Christi Forsythe, Staff Support Associate Reviewed by Dr. John Hartman, U. K. Department of Plant Pathology, and Dr. Lee Townsend, U.K. Department of Entomology

*User is responsible for following the pesticide label.*


2004 IPM Calendar for Deciduous Tree Field Production	Legend R Try resistant varieties. Pruning and sanitation help control this pest. Scout before spraying. Use traps, phenology, or economic thresholds to determine when to spray.

Before You Plant
Site Selection - put the “Right Plant in the Right Place”. Do not plant trees requiring excellent drainage (dogwood, cherry, zelkova) in a slowly draining field. Likewise, make sure a plant that needs full sun to thrive is not shaded by trees in the field margins. Do not plant verticillium wilt susceptible species (maple, tuliptree, smoketree, elm) in a field after strawberries, vegetables or after ornamentals that have been diagnosed with verticillium wilt. Liner Inspection - Inspect new liner root systems for black root rot on susceptible species (elm, holly). Inspect all plants for healthy, fibrous root systems; straight, undamaged trunks; strong, intact grafts and branches; diseases such as black knot and fusicoccum; and insect damage or presence such as borer holes and eastern tent caterpillar egg masses. Moisten roots immediately. Also check for plants that have broken dormancy and plan to plant them as soon as possible. Liner Storage and Handling - Keep storage conditions at 34-380F and 85-100% humidity. Do not allow bareroot liners to freeze. Clean storage area with a bleach solution prior to arrival of plants. Do not allow liners to sit in puddled water while in storage. Spray with a fungicide (Cleary’s 3336) to prevent damage while in storage. Have a foot bath at each entrance to eliminate contamination of the storage area. Soak roots before planting. Keep roots moist while planting. Sweating may be required for good budbreak on some species.

Season*	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Dormant - Before growth starts	Ash, Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Linden, Maple, Oak, Sweet Gum, Tuliptree	Mites, Scales - Spray dormant oil.
	Flowering Fruit Trees - Cherries	R Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Prune out egg masses.
	All species		Prune out any cankers.
	Rosaceae		R Fireblight - Prune out any cankered or diseased branches 1" below sign of infection and destroy. Remove infected plants in field margins.
	Crabapple, Hawthorn		R Rust - Remove infected Junipers within a few hundred feet of the field.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Prune out (or rogue) infected plants 3-4" below visible swelling.
	All Species		R Crown Gall - Scout for signs. Remove infected plants. Nonpathogenic strain Agrobacterium K84 dip at planting.
February - March	Various Species	Asian Ambrosia Beetle - Trap, spray chlorpyrifos at first sign of flight or infestation.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
				Preemergent herbicides to prevent warm season annuals - Princep or Gallery are effective on broadleaf weeds. Add Surflan, Pendulum, or Barricade for grasses.
Early April	Rosaceae		R Fireblight - Spray when 25% and again when 75% of blooms are open with streptomycin. Use the MARYBLYT program to predict need to spray.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban.
	Crabapple, Hawthorn		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), horticultural oil, methoxychlor, carbaryl, insecticidal soap, Malathion.
	Red Maple	Shoot Boring Caterpillar - Spray Talstar when 2nd pair of leaves are dime-sized.
	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Spray Daconil 2787 after bud break once rainy periods with temperatures above 55° F are expected. Applications continue while shoots are elongating until 2-3 weeks after bloom.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Mid April	Flowering Fruit Trees	Aphids - Scout/spray horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, Malathion, Diazinon, Endeavor.
	Magnolia, Tulip tree	Yellow Poplar Weevil - Apply carbaryl, Dursban, Orthene when 10% of branches damaged.
Late April	Ash	Lilac Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos 1 week after Dogwood full bloom.
Early May	Flowering Fruit Trees	Lesser Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos 2 weeks after Kousa Dogwood is at 1st bloom.
	White Birch	R Bronze Birch Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos when Washington Hawthorn is at 1st bloom.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn, Red Maple, Oak, and others	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos when Washington Hawthorn is in full bloom.
Mid May	Dogwood	Dogwood Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos when Washington Hawthorn is 1 week after 1st bloom.
Late May	Magnolia, Tulip tree	Yellow Poplar Weevil - Apply carbaryl, Dursban, Orthene when 10% of branches damaged.
	Maples, Redbud	Leafhoppers - Scout/spray carbaryl, Diazinon, Dursban, Talstar, Tempo, Decathlon, Scimitar, Tempo SC Ultra when 3 hoppers/ branch, sample 4 branches/ tree on 10 trees.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Eagle, Heritage, Immunox, Strike.
	Dogwood, Maple, Oak	Thrips - Scout/spray Cygon, carbaryl, Malathion, Diazinon, Orthene. Use blue sticky cards to monitor.
Early June	Birch	R Bronze Birch Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
	Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Maple, Oak	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Baldcypress, Flowering Fruit Trees, Maple, Evergreens, others	Bagworms - Scout/spray Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), on larvae < 3/4 inches long. carbaryl, Dursban, Diazinon, Malathion, Astro, Decathlon, Ficam, Mavrik, Scimitar, Talstar, Tempo.
	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Tempo.
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos 2 weeks after Southern Magnolia 1st bloom.
Mid June	Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Maple, Oak	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Late June	Honeylocust	Mimosa Webworm - Scout/spray carbaryl, Dylox, Dursban, Talstar, Tempo, Scimitar.
	Maples, Redbud	Leafhoppers Scout/spray - carbaryl, Diazinon, Dursban, Talstar, Tempo, Decathlon, Scimitar, Tempo SC Ultra.
	Maples, various species	Spider Mites - Scout/spray horticultural oil, Kelthane, Avid, Floramite, Talstar, Safer Insecticidal soap, Orthene, Conserve when 24 mites per 4 branches, sample 10 trees. Look for predatory mites. Avoid the use of carbaryl.
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Lesser Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Early July	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Tempo.
	Cherries, Elm, Golden-rain tree, Ky. Coffeetree, Magnolia, Maple, Redbud, Smoke tree, Tuliptree, Yellowwood		R Verticillium Wilt - Scout trees for sudden wilting and dead leaves, first occurring during drought stress. Practice strict nursery hygiene. Rogue infected trees. Use resistant varieties.
Mid July	Flowering Fruit Trees	Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
Early August	Ash	Banded Ash Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos.
	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Tempo.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Mid August	Tuliptree	Tuliptree Scale - Summer oil kills all stages. Carbaryl, Cygon, Dursban, Diazinon, and Malathion control crawler stage.
Early September				Preemergent herbicide to control winter annuals - Princep or Gallery are effective on broadleaf weeds. Add Surflan, Pendulum, or Barricade for grasses.
	Oak, Maple, Sycamore, and Sweet Gum		R Bacterial Leaf Scorch - Control leafhoppers, remove infected trees.

* The season listed is for the earliest time of year the pest may be present in the warmest areas of Kentucky. Growers in the eastern and northern part of the state or in higher elevations may need to use a date 1-2 weeks after that listed. Growers are encouraged to use phenology to avoid applying pesticides too early or too late as a result of using calendar dates.

Economic Thresholds are from University of Kentucky EntFacts or from Developing an Integrated Pest Management Program for Nurseries, Purdue University, E-213.

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