IPM Calendar for Deciduous Tree Production



2005

Compiled by Amy Fulcher, Extension Associate - Nursery Crops U. K. Department of Horticulture Layout and Graphic Design by Sandie Waddell, Staff Support Associate Editing by Pam Compton, Staff Support Associate Reviewed by Dr. John Hartman, U. K. Department of Plant Pathology, and Dr. Lee Townsend, U.K. Department of Entomology

*User is responsible for following the pesticide label.*


2005 IPM Calendar for Deciduous Tree Field Production			Legend R Try resistant varieties. Pruning and sanitation help control this pest. Scout before spraying; pest occurance varies. Use traps, phenology, or economic thresholds to determine when to spray. Monitor weather to predict disease infection

Before You Plant
Site Selection - put the “Right Plant in the Right Place”. Do not plant trees requiring excellent drainage (dogwood, cherry, zelkova) in a slowly draining field. Likewise, make sure a plant that needs full sun to thrive is not shaded by trees in the field margins. Do not plant verticillium wilt susceptible species (maple, tuliptree, smoketree, elm) in a field after strawberries, vegetables or after ornamentals that have been diagnosed with verticillium wilt. Liner Quality/Damage Inspection - Inspect all plants for healthy, fibrous root systems; straight, undamaged trunks; strong, intact grafts and branches; diseases; insect damage or presence; and weeds (see below). Moisten roots immediately. Also check for plants that have broken dormancy and plan to plant them as soon as possible. Confirm the shipment includes the quantity and correct species and cultivar ordered. Photograph damage and send images to liner nursery. Liner Storage and Handling - Keep storage conditions at 34-38F and 85-100% humidity. Do not allow bareroot liners to freeze. Clean storage area with a bleach solution prior to arrival of plants. Do not allow liners to sit in puddled water while in storage. Spray with a fungicide (Cleary’s 3336) to prevent damage while in storage. Have a foot bath at each entrance to eliminate contamination of the storage area. Soak roots before planting. Keep roots moist while planting. Sweating may be required for good budbreak on some species.



Inspect New Liners for Pests
Diseases* Verticillium Wilt - Acer, Catalpa, Cercis, Cladrastis, Cotinus, Gymnocladus, Koelreutaria, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Prunus, Ulmus Black Root Rot - Ilex Black Knot - Prunus Cedar Quince Rust - Crataegus Fusicoccum - Fraxinus Aerial Phytophthora - Fraxinus Crown Gall - All * These are only partial lists of pests and associated host plants.	Insects* Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Prunus	Weeds* Nutsedge - All Garlic - All

Preemergence Herbicide Labeled for Ornamentals

Best for Broadleaves	Field	Container
Aatrex	x
Gallery	x	x
Goal	x	x
Princep	x
Ronstar	x	x
Best for Grasses
Barricade	x	x
Devrinol	x	x
Dimension	x	x
Pendulum	x	x
Pennant	x	x
Surflan	x	x
Treflan	x	x
XL (Surflan and Balan)	x	x
Best for Nutsedge
Pennant Magnum	x	x
Products controlling both broadleaves and grasses
OH2 (Goal + Pendulum)	x	x
Regal O-O (Goal+ Ronstar)	x	x
Rout (Goal + Surflan)	x	x
Snapshot TG (Gallery + Treflan)	x	x
RegalStar II (Ronstar + Barricade)	x	x
SureGuard	x	x
Broadstar	x	x
Controls Some Perennials
Casaron	x
Kerb	x
Pennant	x	x

Above table adapted from: Controlling Weeds in Nursery and Landscape Plantings, Dr. Larry J. Kuhns, Penn State University

Season*	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Dormant - before growth starts	Ash, Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Honeylocust, Linden, Maple, Oak, Sweet Gum, Tuliptree. Look for honeylocust spider mites overwintering as red females in bud scales and around bark cracks. Scout for brick red maple mites eggs on the underside of branch/trunk interface in wrinkly bark.	Mites, Scales - Spray dormant oil.
	Flowering Fruit Trees - Cherries	R Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Prune out egg masses.
	All species		Prune out any cankers.
	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Prune out (or rogue) infected plants 3-4" below visible swelling.
	Rosaceae		R Fireblight - Prune out any cankered or diseased branches 1" below sign of infection and destroy. Remove infected plants in field margins.
	Crabapple, Hawthorn		R Rust - Remove infected Junipers within a few hundred feet of the field.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	All Species		R Crown Gall - Scout for symptoms. Remove infected plants. Dip in Agrobacterium K84 (Galltrol, Norbac 84), a nonpathogenic biocontrol strain, at planting.
February - March	Various Species	Asian Ambrosia Beetle - Trap, spray Perm-Up 3.2EC at first sign of flight or infestation.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
				Preemergent herbicides to prevent warm season annuals - select a product(s) that controls both broadleaf and grass weeds.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Early April	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Spray Daconil 2787 after bud break once rainy periods with temperatures above 55° F are expected. Applications continue while shoots are elongating until 2-3 weeks after bloom.
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban. Do not grow scab - susceptible cultivars in the nursery.
	Rosaceae		R Fireblight - Spray when 25% and again when 75% of blooms are open with streptomycin sulfate. Use MARYBLYT software to predict the need to spray.
	Crabapple, Hawthorn, Serviceberry		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Flowering Fruit Trees	R Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), horticultural oil, carbaryl, insecticidal soap, Malathion.
	Red Maple	Shoot Boring Caterpillar - Spray Talstar when 2nd pair of leaves are dime-sized.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Mid April	Flowering Fruit Trees	Aphids - Spray horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, Malathion, Diazinon, Endeavor, Safari, TriStar when 50 aphids present on 7/10 shoots.
	Magnolia, Tulip tree	Yellow Poplar Weevil - Apply acephate, carbaryl, Dursban, when foliage on 10% of branches damaged.
	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Spray Daconil 2787 after bud break once rainy periods with temperatures above 55° F are expected. Applications continue while shoots are elongating until 2-3 weeks after bloom.
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban. Do not grow scab - susceptible cultivars in the nursery.
	Rosaceae (if still in bloom)		R Fireblight - Spray when 25% and again when 75% of blooms are open with streptomycin sulfate. Use MARYBLYT software to predict the need to spray.
	Crabpple, Hawthorn, Serviceberry		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
Late April	Ash	Lilac Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC 1 week after Flowering Dogwood full bloom.
	Honeylocust	Honeylocust Spider Mite - scout for current season adult and immature mites (yellow-green in color) on the underside of leaflet bases. The threshold for honeylocust mite control is being investigated.
	Plum, Cherry		Black Knot - Spray Daconil 2787 after bud break once rainy periods with temperatures above 55° F are expected. Applications continue while shoots are elongating until 2-3 weeks after bloom.
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban. Do not grow scab - susceptible cultivars in the nursery.
	Rosaceae (if still in bloom)		R Fireblight - Spray when 25% and again when 75% of blooms are open with streptomycin sulfate. Use MARYBLYT software to predict the need to spray.
	Crabpple, Hawthorn, Serviceberry		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
Early May	Flowering Fruit Trees	Lesser Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC weeks after Kousa Dogwood is at 1st bloom.
	White Birch	R Bronze Birch Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC when Washington Hawthorn is at 1st bloom.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn, Red Maple, Oak, and others	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC when Washington Hawthorn is in full bloom.
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban. Do not grow scab - susceptible cultivars in the nursery.
	Crabpple, Hawthorn, Serviceberry		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Mid May	Flowering Fruit Trees	Aphids - Spray horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, Malathion, Diazinon, Endeavor, Safari, TriStar when 150 aphids present on 7/10 shoots. Later in season treatment is unnecessary.
	Dogwood	Dogwood Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC when Washington Hawthorn is 1 week after 1st bloom.
	Crabapple		R Scab - Spray at pink bud and petal fall plus 2 more times at 10 day intervals to reduce primary inoculum. Banner, Cleary’s 3336, Daconil 2787, Dithane, Domain, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Rubigan, or Zyban. Do not grow scab - susceptible cultivars in the nursery.
	Crabpple, Hawthorn, Serviceberry		R Rust - Spray Banner, Bayleton, Daconil 2787, Dithane T/O, Dithane, Eagle, Fore, Fore Flowable, Strike, or Zyban as new growth appears and flower buds open. Repeat 3-4 times at 7-14 day intervals.
	Crabpple, Elm, Dogwood, Maple, Honeylocust	Calico Scale - Use double-sided sticky tape and presence of dark, shriveled females to time applications with crawler emergence. Apply acephate, Talstar, soap, Scimitar, Flagship, carbaryl, Deltagard, oil, chlorpyrifos.
Late May	Magnolia, Tulip tree	Yellow Poplar Weevil - Apply carbaryl, Dursban, acephate when foliage on 10% of branches damaged.
	Maples, Redbud	Leafhoppers - Scout/spray carbaryl, Diazinon, Dursban, Talstar, Decathlon, Scimitar, TriStar when 3 hoppers/ branch, sample 4 branches/ tree on 10 trees.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Dogwood, Maple, Oak	Thrips - Scout/spray acephate, Cygon, carbaryl, Diazinon, Malathion, Safari. Use blue sticky cards to monitor.
Early June	Birch	R Bronze Birch Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Maple, Oak	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
	Baldcypress, Flowering Fruit Trees, Maple, Evergreens, others	Bagworms - Scout/spray Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), on larvae < 3/4" long. carbaryl, Dursban, Diazinon, Malathion, Decathlon, Ficam, Mavrik, Scimitar, Talstar.
	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Deltagard, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Safari.
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC 2 weeks after Southern Magnolia 1st bloom.
Mid June	Flowering Fruit Trees, Hawthorn, Maple, Oak	Flatheaded Appletree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Late June	Honeylocust	Mimosa Webworm - Scout/spray carbaryl, Dylox, Dursban, Talstar, Scimitar.
	Maples, Redbud	Leafhoppers Scout/spray - carbaryl, Diazinon, Dursban, Talstar, Decathlon, Scimitar, TriStar when 3 hoppers/ branch, sample 4 branches/ tree on 10 trees..
	Maples, various species	Spider Mites - Scout/spray horticultural oil, Avid, Floramite, Talstar, soap, acephate, Conserve when 24 mites per 4 branches, sample 10 trees. Look for predatory mites. Avoid the use of carbaryl.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Lesser Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Early July	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Deltagard, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Safari.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Catalpa, Cherries, Elm, Golden-rain tree, Ky. Coffeetree, Magnolia, Maple, Redbud, Smoke tree, Tuliptree, Yellowwood		R Verticillium Wilt - Scout trees for sudden wilting, suckering, and dead leaves, especially during water stress. Practice strict nursery hygiene. Rogue infected trees. Use resistant varieties.
Mid July	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Flowering Fruit Trees	Peachtree Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
Early August	Ash	Banded Ash Borer - Spray chlorpyrifos or Perm-up 3.2 EC.
	Crabapple, Dogwood, Hawthorn		R Powdery Mildew - Spray at first sign of disease and repeat at 14 day intervals with Banner, Bayleton, Cleary’s 3336, Heritage, Strike. Diligently spray susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars.
	Various Species	R Japanese Beetle - Spray June - July - August with Cythion, Deltagard, Dymet, Marlate, carbaryl, Safari.
Season	Host Plant	Insect	Disease	Weed	Notes for Next Year
Mid August	Tuliptree	Tuliptree Scale - Summer oil kills all stages. Carbaryl, Cygon, Dursban, Diazinon, and Malathion control crawler stage.
Early September				Preemergent herbicide to control winter annuals - select a product(s) that controls both broadleaf and grass weeds.
	Oak, Maple, Sycamore, and Sweet Gum		R Bacterial Leaf Scorch - Remove infected trees following diagnosis.

* The season listed is for the earliest time of year the pest may be present in the warmest areas of Kentucky. Growers in the eastern and northern part of the state or in higher elevations may need to use a date 1-2 weeks after that listed. Growers are encouraged to use phenology and traps to avoid applying pesticides too early or too late as a result of using calendar dates.

Economic Thresholds are from University of Kentucky EntFacts or from Developing an Integrated Pest Management Program for Nurseries, Purdue University, E-213. The maple mite threshold is based on observation.

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